年初以来，在各大社区论坛出现部分明星的未成年粉丝追星不理智的现象，引发各家粉丝数起骂战事件，网络环境一度陷入污浊状态。此次事件也促使微博平台进行自身整改，积极响应国家网信办关于开展 2020“清朗”未成年人暑期网络环境专项整治的重点治理方面。
2020年7月18日，微博管理员社区公告，称将重点整治诱导未成年人无底线追星、饭圈互撕等行为。因未能有效引导和应对各类粉丝群体，出现了一系列扰乱网络传播秩序的现象，造成了不良的社会影响，而这也在未成年人价值观保护上给我们敲响了警钟。
微博针对涉及明星话题中的互撕谩骂、人身攻击以及刷榜单、蹭热搜的行为进行处置和公示，梳理并公示防止刷量控评的规则和措施；处置公示“饭圈”职业黑粉、恶意营销等违法违规账号。继续与主要明星经纪公司展开谈话，明确经纪公司的相关责任，加强合作共同治理。近期还将对“宣扬仇恨”的行为进行清晰界定，并纳入社区规则当中，并展开常态治理。
同时，微博认为有影响力的公众人物和明星应对粉丝行为承担引导和约束的义务，建议明星工
作团队应加强对粉丝群体的正面引导和约束能力。而在此之前，明星给职业黑粉发律师函的公告、热搜已见怪不怪，但为何大多数人依旧不引以为戒，反倒乐在其中？相关涉及的明星曾发表“希望所有人把学业、工作、生活，都放在追星前面”的劝告，但骂战热度却只增不降，“不需要应援”的说法在一部分人的错误解读下引起又一波打榜和消费。即便有引导的言论或劝告，有多少人是真正接受的呢？暂且不论网友是否为粉丝，成年人在网络的复杂大环境下尚且难以分辨是非，何况网络上的咨讯往往众说纷纭、难辨真假，缺乏判断能力和社会经验的未成年人曝露在此环境下，实属处于劣势中的劣势。口头的规劝的有效性显然不如法律法规，而这仍需要社会各界尤其是立法、执法机构的共同努力。
碍于网络管理的不到位，实名制上网目前仍未普及，未成年人能够轻易地流连于微博、贴吧论坛、lofter等各大信息的平台。这类平台数量众多，信息来源五花八门，信息质量参差不齐，对于心智尚未成熟的未成年人来说，身处追星热潮或言论中，更容易被诱导和驱从，不良价值导向的信息和行为由此也层出不穷。保障未成年人健康成长，是社会的共同心愿，引导未成年人树立正确的价值观，也是全社会的共同责任。
不只是国内，邻国越南也在积极应对来自未成年人网络安全方面的挑战，越南政府正着手准备相关法律法规的出台。越南国民议会监督会议期间，许多省市议员要求政府制定长期计划战略，以保护网络空间中的青少年，加强国际合作和保护青少年。在网络环境下，中央机构专门负责管理与网络环境中青少年安全有关的问题，以协调各部委并促进政府机构之间的合作政府和私营部门，以提高互联网上的青少年安全。
互联网世界里，诸多大型社交网络鱼龙混杂，未成年人涉足网络空间亟需社会的正确引导。2020“清朗”未成年人暑期网络环境专项整治和越南国会讨论的保护青少年上网安全议题均为维护自己国家的网络交流社区和网络秩序做出积极的尝试，全力营造良好的网络环境。伴随相关法律法规的出台，未成年人使用互联网时就有了制度保障。除此以外，全社会的共同监管是让不良网络行为无处遁形的利器，而这，需要每一个你我的共同努力。
Star pursuing of Underage Fans Need the Guide Light of Law
Since early 2020, major communities and forums have seen several irrational ‘pursuing star’ behaviors from some idols’ underage fans, which triggered harsh fights among them and dragged the online environment into chaos. The incidents have also urged the Weibo platform to carry out its own rectification, and actively responded to the key governance aspects of the National Cyberspace Administration of China regarding the implementation of the 2020 “Clean and Bright” minor summer network environment special rectification.
On July 18, 2020, the Weibo administrator community announced that it will give priority to rectification on inducing minors to pursue stars without a bottom line and fans group conflicts. Due to the failure to effectively guide and respond to various fans groups, a series of phenomena have appeared that disrupted the order of online communication, which has caused negative social impacts, and this has also sounded the alarm for us in the protection of underage children’s values.
To deal with the problem of mutual verbal abuse, personal assaults, faking ranking lists and hot searches on topics which involve celebrities, Weibo punishes
and publicizes such behaviors, sorts out and publicizes rules and measures to prevent comment control and data faking; disposes of publicity ‘fans group’ occupational anti-fans, malicious marketing and other illegal accounts. In addition, continues to talk with major star talent agencies, clarifies the relative responsibilities of agencies, and strengthens cooperation and common governance. In the near future, the behavior of “promoting hatred” will be clearly defined, incorporated into community rules, and normal governance will be launched.
At the meantime, Weibo believes that influential public figures and stars should take responsibility for guiding and restraining fan behaviors. It is recommended that the stars’ work team should strengthen the ability to positively guide and restrain the fan community. Before this, it is no longer surprising to find hot searching or announcements about celebrities sent lawyer letters to occupational anti-fans, but why are most people still not learning their lessons, instead having fun from it? One involved celebrity once issued an advice that “I hope everyone will put their studies, work, and life ahead of pursuing stars”, but the enthusiasm for cursing has only increased, and the saying “does not need support” which is misinterpreted by some people has caused another wave of hitting ranks and consuming. Even if there are guiding remarks or advice, how many people really accept it? Regardless of whether a netizen is a fan or not, it is yet still difficult even for adults to distinguish right from wrong in the complex network environment. Moreover, with online information being so often divergent and difficult to distinguish between true and false, making minors who lack judgment and social experience exposed to this environment is one of the top disadvantages. The effectiveness of oral remonstration is clearly not as effective as laws and regulations, and this still requires the joint efforts of all sectors of society, especially legislative and law enforcement agencies.
Due to the inadequacy of network management, real-name access to the Internet is still not implemented, and minors can easily linger on Weibo, Tieba forums, lofter and other major information platforms. There are a large number of such platforms, various information sources, and the quality of information is uneven. For minors who are not mature enough, they are more likely to be induced and driven by the enthusiasm or speech of star pursuing, and bad value-oriented information and behavior from this are therefore endless. Ensuring the healthy growth of minors is the common aspiration of the society, and guiding the underage to establish right values is also the common responsibility of the whole society.
Not only China, but our neighbor Vietnam is also actively responding to challenges from minors’ cybersecurity. The Vietnamese government is setting about the promulgation of relevant laws and regulations. During the supervision meeting of the National Assembly of Vietnam, many provincial and municipal deputies asked the government to formulate long-term planning strategies to protect youth in cyberspace, strengthen international cooperation and protect youth. In the online environment, the central institution is specifically responsible for managing issues related to the safety of the young in the online environment to coordinate various ministries and promote cooperation between government agencies and the private sector to improve the safety of teenagers on the internet.
In the online world, many major social networks are complicated, and minors’ involvement in cyberspace urgently needs correct guidance from society. The special rectification of the Internet environment for minors in the summer 2020 “Clean and Bright” and the topic of protecting youth online safety discussed by the Vietnamese National Assembly are both active attempts to maintain the domestic online communication community and online order, to fully create a good online environment. With the promulgation of relevant laws and regulations, there will be institutional guarantees for minors to access the Internet. Besides, the common supervision of the whole society is a weapon to make bad network behaviors nowhere to hide, and this requires the joint efforts of everyone.
作者：陈可欣 编辑：丁心睿 翻译：贾少轩 资讯：曹 玲
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2.IT之家.就粉丝引导管理相关问题，微博与肖战工作室进行谈话[EB/OL].https://www.ithome.com/0/497/631.htm,2020-07-23
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