关键词：星级预警分类 家暴 未成年人
摘要：本文主要说明了浙江省杭州市江干区妇联、区教育局联合制定的《关于对涉家暴警情未成年人心理健康进行预警干预的工作意见》对防止涉未成年人家庭暴力案件的发生的积极作用。
- 家庭暴力频发的原因分析
近年来，家庭暴力案件愈演愈烈，很多未成年人都遭受着家庭暴力的迫害。所谓家庭暴力，它并非是某个家庭的家务事，而是一起社会事件，是指家庭成员之间以殴打、捆绑、禁闭、残害或其他手段对家庭成员的身体、心理、性等方面进行伤害和摧残的行为，而未成年人因为身体或者精神上的弱势，常常处于被压迫的状态中。那为什么会存在家庭暴力，我想有以下两点原因：一是原生家庭的
影响，大多数施暴者因为原生家庭的伤害，处理家庭矛盾的能力欠缺，惯用争吵或者暴力的手段解决矛盾。二是病态的人格，这些施暴者本身有人格障碍或者一些特殊的心理疾病，因此他们会产生一些特殊的癖好，用一些强制暴力的手段来表达情绪。
- 星级预警分类的积极作用
近日，浙江省杭州市江干区妇联、区教育局联合制定的《关于对涉家暴警情未成年人心理健康进行预警干预的工作意见》（以下简称《意见》）提出了星级预警分类制度。所谓星级预警分类，是指由江干区妇联根据家暴警情中报警人身份和报警事由，将涉未成年人的家暴警情分成父母纠纷孩子报警、亲子教育孩子报警、亲子教育父母报警、亲子教育祖父母或邻居报警四大类，同时按照警情的严重程度，对报警家庭中未成年人的权益受侵害程度、身心健康情况进行初步评估。评估结果分为三星关注（年龄段较高且失学失管叛逆、心理亚健康、对父母有肢体冲突）、二星关注（年龄较小、父母关系紧张）和一星关注（父母教育方式不当）。作出这种分类分级后由江干区妇联将评估结果同步告知教育局等有关部门及街道、社区妇联，及时预警。不仅如此，在保护措施上，三星关注的是妇联重点做好家长的教育引导工作，学校重点加强未成年人心理疏导工作；二星关注的未成年人，由家庭辅导员、“钱塘阿姐”维权志愿者队伍进行关心关爱，重点做好家庭矛盾的化解；一星关注的未成年人，由社区、网格员、楼道长进行关心关爱，日常走访中发现父母教育方法不当及时纠正。
- 如何更好保护未成年人健康成长
最近有人大代表建议父母也要持合格证上岗，虽然这个提议听起来天马行空，但实际上还是有一定的道理的。因为很多未成年人遭受的家暴都是因为父母没有经验，缺乏教育子女的能力与水平，缺少了对的“生”和“育”并重的思想理念。或许探索“家长教育”之路的建设，特别是针对有问题倾向的学生家长，建立一对一的授课方案，能有针对性的解决实际问题。除了父母外，学校和社会更应当给予她多一点的关心和关爱，只有这样，大家精诚所至，团结一心，才能为未成年人构建一个更为和谐的未来！
撰稿：王金菊
翻译：冯力力
编辑：乔一宁
资讯链接：http://www.cnwomen.com.cn/2020/06/15/99200446.html
Innovative Measures to Care For Minors Involved in Domestic Violence according to the Classification of Star-Rating Warning
Key words: Classification of star-rating warning, Domestic violence, Minors
Abstract: This essay mainly explains the positive effect of the Opinions on Early Warning and Intervention on the Mental Health of Minors Involved in Domestic Violence jointly put forward by the Women’s Federation and Education Bureau of Jianggan District in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on preventing the occurrence of domestic violence cases involving minors.
1. Analysis of the causes of frequent domestic violence
In recent years, domestic violence cases have become increasingly fierce, and many minors are suffering from the persecution of domestic violence. So-called family violence is not only a household matter , but a societal issue which refers to behaviors between family members by beating, binding, shuttering or adopting other actions to family member’s physical, psychological and sexual damage and destruction. Because of their physical or mental vulnerability, children are constantly in a state of oppression.Analysis of the causes of frequent domestic violence
There are several explanations for the existence of domestic violence: first, it could be related to the abuser’s family of origin. In this case, most abusers lack the ability to deal with family conflicts due to the harm done to them when they were young. Hence, they often attempt to handle conflicts by means of arguments or violence. Another reason could be the pathological personality possessed by some people. It is possible that the abuser has a personality disorder or some special mental illnesses, which lead to he or she having a tendency towards using some forms of coercive violence to express emotions.
2.The positive role of classification of star-rating warning
The Opinions on Early Warning and Intervention for The Mental Health of Minors Involved in Domestic Violence (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), jointly introduced by the Women’s Federation and the District Education Bureau of Jianggan District, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang Province, puts forward the star-rating warning system. The so-called star-rating warning classification, Women’s Federation of Jianggan District classifies the alerts involved with domestic violence against minors into four categories with different star-ratings according to the identity of the person reporting the incident and the cause of the incident: children making police reports because of parents’ disputes, children calling the police because of parenting, parents’ calling for police because of parenting and grandparents or neighbors’ calling for police because of parenting. Meanwhile, the extent to which the rights and interests of children in the families who call the police have been violated and their physical and mental health conditions will be preliminary assessed according to the severity of the alarm. The consequence of the assessment can be classified as three-stars concern (senior age and out of school with rebellious personality, psychological health, physical conflict with parents), two-stars concern (junior age with tense relationship with parents) and one-star concern (improper parenting). After making this kind of classification, the evaluation results will be simultaneously given by the Women’s Federation of Jianggan District to the Education Bureau and other relevant departments as well as the street and women’s Federation of the community, so warnings can be made timely. In addition, in terms of protection measures, the three-star concern mainly focuses on the education and guidance of parents by the women’s Federation, and schools focusing on strengthening psychological counseling of minors. For two-star concern, family counselors and “Qiantang A Jie” rights protection volunteers provide care for minors, focusing on resolving family conflicts. Minors involved in one-star concern shall be cared for by the community, grid members and corridor managers. And improper parental education methods shall be corrected timely in daily visits.
3.How to better protect the healthy growth of minors
Recently, a deputy to the National People’s Congress suggested that parents should take up post as parents with certificate of qualification. Although this proposal sounds unrealistic, it actually makes sense to some extent, because a lot of children suffer from domestic violence because their parents lack parenting experience and relative capacity. There should be thoughts of putting equal weight on both “giving birth” and “raising the child”. Maybe such recommendation will help with the exploration of proper parenting education for parents, especially to establish a one-to-one teaching plan to change the view of the parents who have problematic tendency . In addition to parents, the school and the society should give minors more care and love, only when we are united as one, can we build a relatively harmonious future for children!
Writer：Wang Jinju
Translator：Feng lili
Editor：Qiao Yining
